The Human Rights Act 1998

The Human Rights Act 1998 wrote the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into UK law and allowed people to enforce most Convention rights in UK courts rather than having to take their case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. The rights it protects include the right to life, freedom from torture, the right to a fair trial, freedom of expression, and respect for private and family life.

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Public authorities — including government departments, the police, schools and the NHS — must act compatibly with these rights. Higher courts can issue a "declaration of incompatibility" if an Act of Parliament conflicts with the Convention, but only Parliament can repeal or amend the Act itself.

You may be asked which year the Human Rights Act was passed (1998), or which court is in Strasbourg (the European Court of Human Rights).

Test yourself on this topic

These questions from the official-format question bank cover the same material. Tap any question to see the correct answer and a short explanation.

1. Which TWO principles are included in the European Convention on Human Rights?
2. ______ had an important role in drafting the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
3. Some of the principles included in the European Convention on Human Rights are
4. When did the UK sign the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms?
5. The European Convention on Human Rights is incorporated into UK law
6. Which two responsibilities will you have as a British citizen?

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